THE FOUR HEAVENLY KINGS
DUEL MATTE SLEEVE
In Buddhism, the Four Heavenly Kings are important guardian deities among the heavenly beings, serving as the outer protectors of the chief god, Indra. They are said to reside on the slopes of Mount Sumeru, guarding the four continents: Ambudvipa, Pudgalavardhana, Utarakur, and Aparagodaniya. In Chinese tradition, it is believed that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang received assistance from the Northern Heavenly King. Consequently, from the Tang Dynasty onwards, temples in the Chinese Mahayana Buddhism tradition began to enshrine the Four Heavenly Kings.
However, during the Ming Dynasty, the story of the Four Heavenly Kings was significantly altered in the novel "Fengshen Yanyi" (the Investiture of the Gods), where they were portrayed as four demon generals aiding the tyrant Zhou. They were later defeated by the combined efforts of Yang Jian and Huang Tianhua. When Liang Ziya was empowering the gods under the command of the Primordial Heavenly Venerable, he conferred upon them the title of the Four Heavenly Kings, entrusting them with the responsibilities of expanding the nation and ensuring peace and prosperity.
Upon entering a temple, one would often first encounter the statues of the Four Heavenly Kings, also known as the "Four Heavenly Guardians," within the Buddhist lore. In Mount Sumeru, there is a mountain named Cakravada Mountain, which has four peaks, each occupied by one of the Four Heavenly Kings, protecting one of the four cardinal directions. Therefore, their title reflects this symbolism. Placing the statues of the Four Heavenly Kings in the main hall signifies not only their role in protecting the temple's gates and ensuring tranquility but also symbolizes the path to wisdom through the implements they hold.